GLTRS--Glenn
TITLE AND SUBTITLE:
Water Misting and Injection of Commercial Aircraft Engines to Reduce Airport NOx

AUTHOR(S):
David L. Daggett

REPORT DATE:
March 2004

FUNDING NUMBERS:
Cost Center 2250000013
GRC Purchase Order C-74711A

PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES):
Boeing Commercial Airplane Group
P.O. Box 3707
Seattle, Washington 98124-2207

PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER:
E-14397

SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES):
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Washington, DC 20546-0001

REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED:
Final Contractor Report

SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY REPORT NUMBER:
NASA CR-2004-212957
C&EA-BQ130-Y04-002

SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES:
Project Manager, Robert C. Hendricks, Research and Technology Directorate, NASA Glenn Research Center, organization code 5000, 216-977-7507.

ABSTRACT:
This report provides the first high level look at system design, airplane performance, maintenance, and cost implications of using water misting and water injection technology in aircraft engines for takeoff and climb-out NOx emissions reduction. With an engine compressor inlet water misting rate of 2.2 percent water-to-air ratio, a 47 percent NOx reduction was calculated. Combustor water injection could achieve greater reductions of about 85 percent, but with some performance penalties. For the water misting system on days above 59 °F, a fuel efficiency benefit of about 3.5 percent would be experienced. Reductions of up to 436 °F in turbine inlet temperature were also estimated, which could lead to increased hot section life. A 0.61 db noise reduction will occur. A nominal airplane weight penalty of less than 360 lb (no water) was estimated for a 305 passenger airplane. The airplane system cost is initially estimated at $40.92 per takeoff giving an attractive NOx emissions reduction cost/benefit ratio of about $1,663/ton.

SUBJECT TERMS:
Aircraft emissions; Water injection; Misting; Turbomachines; Aircraft; Jet engines

NUMBER OF PAGES:
94

PDF AVAILABLE FROM URL:
2004/CR-2004-212957.pdf ( 2687 KB )
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